How are the turbine and compressor of a turbo-charger connected within its construction?

In a turbocharger, the turbine and compressor are mounted on the same shaft, allowing for a direct connection between the two components. This design enables the turbine, which harnesses exhaust gases from the engine, to drive the compressor. As the turbine spins due to the flow of exhaust gases, it turns the compressor simultaneously, which draws in and compresses the intake air before it enters the engine's combustion chamber.

This direct connection is crucial for the efficiency and effectiveness of a turbocharger. It allows the turbocharger to increase the amount of air entering the engine, which can significantly boost the engine's power output without increasing its size. Thus, the design not only enhances performance but also maintains a compact setup, which is essential in modern automotive engineering where space can be limited.

The other construction method options, such as having different shafts or using mechanical gearing, would complicate the design and reduce efficiency by introducing additional components and potential points of failure. Moreover, controlling the turbocharger through A.B.C is not pertinent to the fundamental mechanical connection between the turbine and compressor; it generally pertains to operation rather than construction.