What causes propeller torque in an aircraft?

Propeller torque in an aircraft is primarily caused by the forces acting on the propeller due to the airflow as the aircraft moves forward. This creates a moment, or rotational force, around the aircraft's longitudinal axis. When the propeller rotates, the blades generate lift in a direction opposite to their rotation, which leads to a torque effect on the aircraft body. This effect is directly tied to the air flowing over the blades at an angle, creating a differential in pressure and ultimately leading to the turning action around the aircraft's longitudinal axis.

Understanding this principle is crucial because it influences how pilots must compensate for the torque effect, particularly in single-engine aircraft where it can tend to turn the aircraft in the opposite direction of the propeller's rotation. It's vital for pilots to be aware of this so they can maintain control during takeoff, climb, and when making turns.

In contrast, the responses reflecting centrifugal effects focus on different dynamics that are not primarily responsible for propeller torque. Centrifugal forces act outward due to the rotation but do not create torque in the same manner as the interaction between the airflow and the propeller blades. Thus, while they contribute to overall aircraft behavior, they are not the direct cause of propeller torque.